Là, c’est Daesh!

"That's Daesh!" As he looks out over the jurd that separates Al-Qaa from Syria, Joseph, a soldier on leave, points to the enemy's camps that have already attacked the Christian village. Gun posts are set up in this area, where villagers are not allowed to enter without the army's express permission. Lebanon, Al -Qaa, 24 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Arriving with the dawn, this resident of Al-Qaa came to incense the statue of Saint Elias. A few metres away, armed men have been keeping vigil all night to ensure a peaceful sleep for the villagers who, six months earlier, experienced eight suicide attacks. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 25 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary next March, Lebanon is teetering. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Antony (foreground) and his friends have just gone to distribute gifts to refugees camped near Al-Qaa. Later in the day, they will prepare a small tourist train for the Christmas parade that will delight the village children. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 24 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

When winter imposes a thick fog, Ras Baalbek is wary of the discreet infiltration of Daesh jihadists, who camp in the mountains that separate this Christian village from Syria. Joseph, a young local councillor, checks that nothing and no one suspicious is in a chapel on the outskirts of his village. Lebanon, Ras Baalbek, 18 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Christmas Eve in Al-Qaa. While his father prepares kibbe naye slippers, a child points his replica gun at anyone who comes within range. Equipped with real weapons, his elders patrol at night in and around this Christian village near the Syrian border. Lebanon, Al Qaa, December 24, 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

The entire plateau where the Melkite parish is located is lit up for the festive season. Even if the army is never far away, the place gains an atmosphere conducive to romance. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 24 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary next March, Lebanon is teetering. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Before Christmas Eve, a celebration brings together Christians and Muslims in the village of Al-Ayn, in the northern Bekaa plain. The village is linked to the village of Ersaal, which has been occupied for several years by Daesh jihadists but also by the Al-Nosra Front. The ceremony, a testimony of an understanding that can only displease the extremists, is therefore under high surveillance. Lebanon, Ras Baalbek, 23 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary next March, Lebanon is teetering. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

The express permission given to Father Elian for a celebration at the feet of the Virgin of Al-Qaa on the occasion of Christmas involves armed protection of the place. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 24 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

The Virgin of Al-Qaa and the chapel it houses have been off-limits since the suicide attacks in the Christian village. Exceptionally, on Christmas Eve, the army gave Father Elian the green light for a celebration. Some of the faithful admire the jurd while waiting for the priest to arrive. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 24 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

It was "a friend of Hezbollah" who provided this Christian from Ras Baalbek with a Kalashnikov, a combat waistcoat with a water bottle, cartridges, handcuffs and a dagger, as well as binoculars with infrared vision, all of which enable him to carry out effective night-time surveillance. Lebanon, Ras Baalbek, 22 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary next March, Lebanon is teetering. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

During the funeral, the men gather, cry or lament around the open coffin of the deceased. Then it is the women's turn to express their grief. The children are also present but not always aware of what is happening. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 24 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary next March, Lebanon is teetering. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Equipped "by friends", the young people of Al-Qaa are determined to defend their Christian village located at the northern end of the Bekaa plain and a few hundred metres from Daesh positions in the jurd beyond which one descends into Syria. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 23 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Youssef left Iraq after receiving death threats. This Christian is aware that, thanks to his religion, he is better received in Zahlé, a Christian town, than the vast majority of refugees, who are Muslims. Lebanon, Zahle, 21 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

In June 2016, eight jihadists blew themselves up at the main intersection. Five villagers died. Their memory is honoured in several places in the village, including the entrance to the village hall, which is guarded by a funeral attended by hundreds of people. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 24 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary next March, Lebanon is teetering. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

When winter imposes a thick fog, the jurd is wary of the discreet infiltration of Daesh jihadists, who camp in these mountains that separate the Christian village of Al-Qaa from Syria. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 24 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary next March, Lebanon is teetering. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Scooly Band, an indoor playground in the industrial area near Zahle, invited orphans to celebrate Christmas in its premises. Lebanon, Zahle, 21 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Religious representations are innumerable in the streets of Zahlé. It is not uncommon to see motorists making their sign of the cross as they pass by them. Lebanon, Zahle, 20 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Covered by a thick fog, the streets of Al Qaa are deserted. Only a woman is walking home from a funeral. Lebanon, Al Qaa, 23 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary next March, Lebanon is teetering. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

All of Ras Baalbek gathered for the funeral of a recently deceased resident. Her grandson has returned from Dubai, where he works, to receive condolences from his childhood friends. Only the men accompany the coffin of the deceased in a procession to the family vault, after a procession through the village streets. Lebanon, Ras Baalbek, 24 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Father Elian, a true benefactor of Al-Qaa as his achievements are numerous, has, in particular, equipped the village with a school and a dispensary. In front of these, a basketball court is occupied as long as the daylight allows it. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 23 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Any unusual activity in the streets of Al-Qaa is monitored by the residents. A plainclothes policeman comes to question and warn children who are talking to unknown strangers. Lebanon, Al-Qaa, 23 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary in March, Lebanon is reeling. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.

Covered by a thick fog, the streets of Al Qaa are deserted. Lebanon, Al Qaa, 23 December 2016. PHOTO © OLIVIER PAPEGNIES As the Syrian revolt against Bashar al-Assad reaches its fifth anniversary next March, Lebanon is teetering. In the heart of this fragile country, threatened from the outside as well as the inside, Christians are taking up arms. They defend their communities, organise patrols, control Syrian refugees and impose a curfew on them. Alone, with the help of Christian parties. Or with the support of Hezbollah! In the training camps of the Shiite political movement: Christians, Druze and Sunnis. New recruits who will soon join the Resistance Brigades. In a precarious situation both in terms of security and finances, these Christian militias receive weapons and a salary of about 1,500 dollars per month. This commitment, this armament is supported by the Free Patriotic Movement (CPL) of Michel Aoun, member of the March 8 Alliance led by Hezbollah. However, in the face of such an alliance, the Christian community is not unanimous. And the 14 March Forces, which includes the Lebanese Forces and the Kataeb, see a danger. That of seeing the embers of the civil war ignite again. In the Beka valley, on the eastern border with Syria, the Christians are not giving up. Associations such as Al-Nawraj are fighting against defeatism and helping small Christian villages to survive and keep a rural and social life despite everything. Despite the threats and pro-Islamic State slogans sprayed on churches and schools. Despite the growing presence of the al-Nosra Front. Despite the fighting that is getting closer.